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viral interference - traducción al ruso
viral interference
WHEN INFECTION BY A FIRST VIRUS RESULTS IN RESISTANCE OF CELLS OR TISSUES TO INFECTION BY A SECOND, UNRELATED VIRUS
Superinfection resistance; Virus interference
медицина
интерференция вирусов
constructive interference
![Creation of interference fringes by an [[optical flat]] on a reflective surface. Light rays from a monochromatic source pass through the glass and reflect off both the bottom surface of the flat and the supporting surface. The tiny gap between the surfaces means the two reflected rays have different path lengths. In addition the ray reflected from the bottom plate undergoes a 180° phase reversal. As a result, at locations '''''(a)''''' where the path difference is an odd multiple of λ/2, the waves reinforce. At locations '''''(b)''''' where the path difference is an even multiple of λ/2 the waves cancel. Since the gap between the surfaces varies slightly in width at different points, a series of alternating bright and dark bands, ''interference fringes'', are seen.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Optical flat interference.svg?width=200 "Creation of interference fringes by an [[optical flat]] on a reflective surface. Light rays from a monochromatic source pass through the glass and reflect off both the bottom surface of the flat and the supporting surface. The tiny gap between the surfaces means the two reflected rays have different path lengths. In addition the ray reflected from the bottom plate undergoes a 180° phase reversal. As a result, at locations '''''(a)''''' where the path difference is an odd multiple of λ/2, the waves reinforce. At locations '''''(b)''''' where the path difference is an even multiple of λ/2 the waves cancel. Since the gap between the surfaces varies slightly in width at different points, a series of alternating bright and dark bands, ''interference fringes'', are seen.")
![White light interference in a [[soap bubble]]. The [[iridescence]] is due to [[thin-film interference]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Soap bubble sky.jpg?width=200 "White light interference in a [[soap bubble]]. The [[iridescence]] is due to [[thin-film interference]].")
![interferometric array]] formed from many smaller [[telescope]]s, like many larger [[radio telescope]]s.](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/USA.NM.VeryLargeArray.02.jpg?width=200 "interferometric array]] formed from many smaller [[telescope]]s, like many larger [[radio telescope]]s.")
WHEN TWO WAVES SUPERPOSE TO FORM A NEW WAVE
Interference pattern; Constructive interference; Phase cancellation; Constructive Interference; Interference Pattern; Interference (wave motion); Interference fringe; Destructive interference; Quantum Interference; Destructive Interference; Interference Fringe; Interference of waves; Quantum interference; Interferogram; Antisound; Optical interference; Interference (Physics); Interference (physics); Light interference; Interference (optics); Interference pattern (disambiguation); Interference (light); Complete Destructive interference; Interference (wave propagation)
оптика
конструктивная интерференция
interferogram
WHEN TWO WAVES SUPERPOSE TO FORM A NEW WAVE
Interference pattern; Constructive interference; Phase cancellation; Constructive Interference; Interference Pattern; Interference (wave motion); Interference fringe; Destructive interference; Quantum Interference; Destructive Interference; Interference Fringe; Interference of waves; Quantum interference; Interferogram; Antisound; Optical interference; Interference (Physics); Interference (physics); Light interference; Interference (optics); Interference pattern (disambiguation); Interference (light); Complete Destructive interference; Interference (wave propagation)
[intə'fi(ə)rəgræm]
общая лексика
интерферограмма
существительное
физика
интерферограмма
записанная интерференционная картина
Definición
Radio Frequency Interference
<hardware, testing> (RFI) Electromagnetic radiation which is
emitted by electrical circuits carrying rapidly changing
signals, as a by-product of their normal operation, and which
causes unwanted signals (interference or noise) to be induced
in other circuits.
The most important means of reducing RFI are: use of bypass or
"decoupling" capacitors on each active device (connected
across the power supply, as close to the device as possible),
risetime control of high speed signals using series resistors
and VCC filtering. Shielding is usually a last resort after
other techniques have failed because of the added expense of
RF gaskets and the like.
The efficiency of the radiation is dependant on the height
above the ground or power plane (at RF one is as good as the
other) and the length of the conductor in relationship to the
wavelength of the signal component (fundamental, harmonic or
transient (overshoot, undershoot or ringing)). At lower
frequencies, such as 133 MHz, radiation is almost exclusively
via I/O cables; RF noise gets onto the power planes and is
coupled to the line drivers via the VCC and ground pins. The
Rf is then coupled to the cable through the line driver as
common node noise. Since the noise is common mode, shielding
has very little effect, even with differential pairs. The RF
energy is capacitively coupled from the signal pair to the
shield and the shield itself does the radiating.
At higher frequencies, usually above 500 Mhz, traces get
electrically longer and higher above the plane. Two
techniques are used at these frequencies: wave shaping with
series resistors and embedding the traces between the two
planes. If all these measures still leave too much RFI,
sheilding such as RF gaskets and copper tape can be used.
Most digital equipment is designed with metal, or coated
plastic, cases.
Switching power supplies can be a source of RFI, but have
become less of a problem as design techniques have improved.
Most countries have legal requirements that electronic and
electrical hardware must still work correctly when subjected
to certain amounts of RFI, and should not emit RFI which could
interfere with other equipment (such as radios).
See also Electrostatic Discharge, {Electromagnetic
Compatibility}.
(1998-01-26)
Wikipedia
Viral interference
Viral interference, also known as superinfection resistance, is the inhibition of viral reproduction caused by previous exposure of cells to another virus.
